Skip to Main Content
Contact Libraries    

Citation Generator - Harvard: Examples previously unlisted

Harvard examples previously unlisted

Source In-text referencing examples Bibliography/Reference list examples
Translated book Popowski's (1796) work provides an approach to the subject that was widely popular at the time.

(Mandel 1971, p. 112)

 Popowski, E 1796, The coming of age: a discussion of rites of passage, trans. S Muller, Phoenix Press, Baulkham Hills, NSW.

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Book title, trans. Translator Initial(s) Surname, Publisher, Place of Publication.

Figures: Original Artwork
(Artworks, Charts, Diagrams, Drawings, Graphs, Images, Paintings Photographs, Prints, Tables, etc)

 A very colourful vase belonging to that period is Plique a jour (Gustav Gaudernack, 1907)

Names of works are italicised.

Artist/creator/designer and date in brackets after the name

 Gaudernack, G 1907, Plique a jour, enamelled vase, Kunstindustrimuseet, Oslo.

The original work such as a painting you physically viewed in a Gallery or Museum, not an online representation.

Author/Artist Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, Format, Dimensions (if known), Museum or Gallery, City.
Figures : Online - In website Figure 1. (Margund Sallowksy 2006) captures the inventive building design at Bunswick Campus

OR

The map shows the Parish of Maroota during the 1840s (Map of the Parish of Maroota , County of Cumberland, District of Windsor 1840-1849)

[Figures included in text must be numbered e.g. Figure 1. or Fig.1 or Figs. 1,2,3. Captions need to be descriptive or include the title of the image and placed directly under image.]

[If there is no named artist/ author, use image title followed by the date.]

["Year" refers to the year that the image or artwork was created. If you don't know the date, use n.d. (no date). If date is approximate, use c. (circa).]

 Sallowksy, M 2006, RMIT Buildings - Brunswick Campus, digital image, RMIT University, viewed 12 January 2012, <http://www.rmit.edu.au/browse;ID=218ujxd8tspl1>.

Map of the Parish of Maroota, County of Cumberland, District of Windsor 1840-1849, digital image of cartographic material, National Library of Australia, accessed 13 April 2007, <http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-f829>.

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, Format, Date viewed, .
Figures : Online - In database .....(Le Corbusier Notre-Dame du Haut, exterior, Oxford Art Online database) Le Corbusier, c. 1950-1954, Notre-Dame du Haut, exterior, Ronchamp, France, Oxford Art Online, viewed 12 January 2012, <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/search_resultsq=le+corbusier&search=qui cq>
Published conference paper/ Proceedings - print (Wilde & Cox 2008, p. 115)

 

 Wilde, S & Cox, C 2008, 'Principal factors contributing to the competitiveness of tourism destinations at varying stages of development', in S Richardson, L Fredline, A Patiar & M Ternel (eds), CAUTHE 2008: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Training and Practice; "Where the 'Bloody Hell' Are We?", Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, pp. 115-8.

The techniques for referencing conference papers are very similar to those used when referencing a journal article. Put the conference name in italics

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Title of paper', in (Initial and Surname of editors), Title of published proceedings which may include place held and date, Publisher, Place of Publication, page range.

Published conference paper/ Proceedings - online Geothermal energy is used for both electric and non-electric applications (Tester 2008)

 

 Tester, JW 2008, 'The future of geothermal energy as a major global energy supplier' Proceedings of the Sir Mark Oliphant International Frontiers of Science and Technology Australia Geothermal Energy Conference, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 19-22 August 2008, viewed 5 January 2010, <http://ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA11825.pdf>.

For papers available online, include viewed date and URL (web site address)

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Title of paper', (Initial and Surname of editors), Title of published proceedings which may include place held and date, Publisher, Place of Publication, date held, viewed Date month Year, .

Unpublished Conference paper (Olasoji & Draganova 2010) Olasoji, R & Draganova, C 2010, 'Mobile Learning Portal for Computing Students' paper presented at the IADIS International Conference, Mobile Learning 2010, Porto, Portugal,19 - 21 March 2010.

For unpublished papers, include the phrase 'paper presented at...' before the name of the conference. You do not need to put the conference name in italics

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Title of paper', paper presented to Name of the conference, Place of the conference, date held.
Lecture notes 'Illegal or unauthorised access to information does not leave a theft record' (Thomas 2010). Thomas, B 2010, Security and controls, lecture notes, Systems Design BCO3144, Victoria University, delivered 2 September 2010.

Use the lecturer's name as source of lecture note, add Course Name and Code

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title of study guide or lecture notes: subtitle, type of medium, University Name, viewed / delivered date, Unit code Blackboard site [if available].
Motion pictures The life of a shearer is conveyed powerfully in Sunday too far way (motion picture 1975).

[In- text references to these sources should include the title, date of production and the material type]

 Sunday too far away 1975, motion picture, South Australian Film Corporation, Adelaide.

Format: use motion picture, video recording, DVD

Title of movie Year of production, Format, Publisher, Place of Publication.
Videos The video recording Grumpy meets the orchestra (2009) highlights a range of musical styles.

[In- text references to these sources should include the title, date of production and the material type]

 Grumpy meets the orchestra 2009, video recording, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney.

Format: use motion picture, video recording, DVD

Title of movie Year of production, Format, Publisher, Place of Publication.
Music recording 'The road is full of music, stories everywhere' (Rose 2011). Rose, C 2011, 'Roadie' On Travelling Free, audio recording, Siren Sounds, Sydney.

Artist surname, Initial(s) Year, Track, Title of recording, Material type, Recording company, Place of Publication.

 

 

Legal Sources
Legal sources: tips
  • Citations of legislation (Acts, bills) and cases may be integrated into the sentence or cited in round brackets at the end of the sentence.
  • Legislation and cases are cited in-text by title.
  • Legislation and cases are only included in a list of references if they are important to the understanding of the work.
  • Create a separate section for Acts and bills within the reference list, under the sub-heading 'Legislation'. List Acts and bills alphabetically.
  • Create a separate section for cases within the reference list, under the sub-heading 'Cases'. List cases alphabetically.
  • There is no full stop at the end of reference list entries for Acts, bills or cases.
  • Even if viewed electronically, legislation and cases are generally referenced as if in print. • Acts, bills, regulations, rules and by-laws, should be cited exactly. Avoid altering spelling or capitalisation to suit the reference style. Articles (‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’) should not be omitted.
  • Most Acts have a short formal title that can be used for citation purposes. First references to an Act or Ordinance should always cite this short formal title in italics exactly and in full. In subsequent references the italics and the date are omitted.
  • Legislation viewed in an annotated legislation textbook is cited in legislation format, not book format, unless referring to the editorial commentary or analysis, rather than the legislativeprovision.
  • Jurisdiction: Make it obvious in the text e.g. ‘Victoria's Equal Opportunity Act 1995 prohibits' … or place the abbreviated information in brackets after the date, e.g. the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth)...
  • Units of division: For sections, you may need to use pinpoint reference abbreviations.
    • For Acts and regulations, pinpoint references for page, paragraph, section, clause, etc. can be used. For example, s. = section; pt. = part, ss = sections. They should not appear at the beginning of asentence:

      Example: The Commonwealth’s Copyright Act 1968, s.4, ...
       
    • For bills, pinpoint references are often to clauses or subclauses. For example, cl. = clause; sub-cl = sub-clause.
    • For cases, pinpoint reference to a page (number), paragraph [number in square brackets], section ('s' followed by number), etc. Use the term ‘at’ rather than ‘p’ (for page), e.g.: Greutner v. Everard (1960) 103 CLR 177 at 181
Acts of Parliament, bills and cases
Source Reference list examples In-text citation examples
Legislation: Acts of Parliament

Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth)

Banking Act 1959 (Cth)

Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (Vic)

Title of the Act Year (Abbreviation of the jurisdiction)

• When citing legal sources outside Australia, include the country

It is unlawful for an educational authority to discriminate against a person on the ground of the person's age (Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth)).

… (Banking Act 1959 (Cth), s. 5)

Victoria's Residential Tenancies Act 1997 ...

• In subsequent references, do not include the date.

Title of the Act Year (Abbreviation of the jurisdiction
Title of the Act Year (Abbreviation of the jurisdiction), section number(s)
Legislation: Bills

Children’s Services Amendment Bill 2011 (Vic)

Title of Bill Year (Abbreviation of the jurisdiction)

• Bill titles are not italicised, as they are not “published” material

Children’s Services Amendment Bill 2011 (Vic), s.45a, states that, 'the Secretary may decide to cancel a service approval to the extent it relates to an approved associated children's service'.

Title of Bill Year (Abbreviation of the jurisdiction), section number(s)
Legal cases

The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 54

Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v. SZIAI (2009) HCA 39

Case name (Year) volume number Abbreviated name of report series judgement number

* CLR = Commonwealth Law Reports
* HCA = High Court of Australia

The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 54

In Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v. SZIAI (2009) HCA 39 at 27, it is stated that …

Case name (Year) volume number Abbreviated name of report series judgement number

Case name (Year) volume number Abbreviated name of report judgement number series at pinpoint.